Pope Francis (C) attends the Second Session of the 17th Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops at the Paul VI audience hall on October 26, 2024, in The Vatican. TIZIANA FABI/AFP via Getty Images

Pope Francis' yearslong process to reform the Catholic Church closed Saturday with recommendations that fell short of giving women more equity as hoped but reflected the pope's aims for a church that at least listens more to its followers.

In a significant move, the pope said he would not issue a teaching document from the recommendations, which called for women to be allowed all opportunities that Church law already provides while leaving open the contentious question of allowing women to be ordained as deacons.

As a result, it remains unclear what if any authority or impact the synod's final recommendations will have, given the purpose of the exercise was to provide the pope with specific proposals on reform.

"In this time of war, we must be witnesses to peace" and give an example of living with differences, the pope said in explaining his decision.

Francis said he would continue to listen to the bishops' counsel, adding "this is not a classic way of endlessly delaying decisions."

Deacons perform many of the same functions as priests, such as presiding over baptisms, weddings and funerals, but they cannot celebrate Mass. Advocates say allowing women to be deacons would help offset the shortage of priests. Opponents say it would signal the start of a slippery slope toward ordaining women to the all-male priesthood that Francis has repeatedly reaffirmed.

Earlier this week, the Vatican's top doctrinal officer, Cardinal Victor Manuel Fernandez, told the extraordinary assembly of 368 bishops and laypeople that Francis had said the moment "is not ripe" for allowing the ordination of women as deacons. He did not respond directly to a request to define what would determine "ripeness" for a greater role for women.

The multi-year synod process had sparked great hopes for change, especially for women, who have long complained that they are treated as second-class citizens in the church. Women are barred from the church's highest ministerial positions, yet do the lion's share of the work running Catholic hospitals and schools and passing the faith onto future generations.

Speaking to the synod on Thursday, Fernandez explained that a special working group would continue beyond the closing of the meeting, but that its focus would be on discussing the role of women in the church — not in the diaconate, or the office of deacon. He added that while working with women in previous pastoral roles, "most did not ask for or want the diaconate, which would be cumbersome for their lay work."

The meeting asked for "full implementation of all the opportunities already provided for in Canon Law with regard to the role of women, particularly in those places where they remain under-explored." It leaves open "the question of women's access to diaconal ministry."

It was the most contested paragraph of the final document, with 258 votes for and 97 against. It was not clear if the "no" votes were because the language went too far or not far enough.

The outcome is a disappointment for Catholics who have been campaigning for recognition that women share a spiritual calling that is no different than a man's. They also noted that despite the inclusion of women in the synodal process, the working group that is guiding discussions on women's role is being run by the Roman curia, operating outside the synod.

"I think the final document will be received with much disappointment and frustration by many women around the world who are hoping for concrete changes,'' said Kate McElwee, the executive director of the Women's Ordination Conference.

While she acknowledged a "cultural shift," she said "the pace of that shift is perhaps too slow for many women."

The first phase of the synod process ended last year by concluding it was "urgent" to guarantee fuller participation by women in church governance positions, and calling for theological and pastoral research to continue about allowing women to be deacons.

If before the synod the idea of allowing women to be deacons was a fringe proposal pushed by Western progressives, the idea gained attention during the debate. It became something of a litmus test of how far the church was going to go, or not, to address demands of women for greater equality and representation in the church's highest ranks.

Francis, had other ideas, insisting that ordaining women would just "clericalize" them and that there were plenty of other ways to empower women in the church, even leading Catholic communities, without resorting to ordination.


Pope Francis (R) attends the Second Session of the 17th Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops at the Paul VI audience hall on October 26, 2024 in The Vatican.
TIZIANA FABI/AFP via Getty Images

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