Internally displaced women listen to Nathalie Kipenzi, a hygiene promoter, during an awareness campaign for mpox, an infectious disease that causes a painful rash, enlarged lymph nodes and fever, at the Muja camp for the internally displaced in Nyiragongo territory, near Goma in North Kivu province, Democratic Republic of Congo, Aug. 19, 2024. ARLETTE BASHIZI/REUTERS

The mpox outbreak is not another COVID-19, the World Health Organization said Tuesday, because much is already known about the virus and the means to control it. While more research is needed on the Clade 1b strain which prompted the United Nations agency to declare a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), the spread of mpox can be reined in, the WHO's European director Hans Kluge said.

In July 2022, the WHO declared a PHEIC over the international outbreak of the less severe Clade 2b strain of mpox, which mostly affected gay and bisexual men. The alarm was lifted in May 2023.

"Mpox is not the new COVID," Kluge insisted. "We know how to control mpox and, in the European region, the steps needed to eliminate its transmission altogether," he told a media briefing in Geneva, via video-link.

"Two years ago, we controlled mpox in Europe thanks to the direct engagement with the most affected communities," he said. We put in place robust surveillance; we thoroughly investigated new cases contacts; and we provided sound public health advice. Behavior change, non-discriminatory public health action, and mpox vaccination contributed to controlling the outbreak."

Kluge said the risk to the general population from the virus was low.

"Are we going to go in lockdown in the WHO European region, [as if] it's another COVID-19? The answer is clearly no," he said.

Kluge said the predominant route of transmission remained close skin-to-skin contact, but he said it was possible that someone in the acute phase of mpox infection, especially with blisters in the mouth, could transmit the virus to close contacts by droplets, in circumstances such as in the home or in hospitals.

"The modes of transmission are still a bit unclear. More research is required," he said.

WHO spokesman Tarik Jasarevic said the agency was not recommending the use of masks.

"We are not recommending mass vaccination. We are recommending to use vaccines in outbreak settings for the groups who are most at risk," he added.

The WHO declared an international health emergency on August 14, concerned by the rise in cases of Clade 1b in the Democratic Republic of Congo and its spread to nearby countries.

The WHO declaration came after the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention declared the outbreaks of mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) a public health emergency, with more than 500 deaths attributed to the disease, and called for international help to stop it spreading.

"This is something that should concern us all," WHO director-general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said at the time. "The potential for further spread within Africa and beyond is very worrying."

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